Referendum Watch

Voting ran November 23 to December 7, 2019; yes is Independence and no is Greater Autonomy, computed from official counts on valid ballots (the commission reported Independence as 97.71 percent of all ballots); the result was tabled in PNG's National Parliament on August 27, 2026, and no ratification vote had been reported as of October 13, 2026.

2,882,531 yes and 119,420 no, with 23,151 blank, as proclaimed by the central referendum office and reported by ANCI Lombardia; shares of valid votes computed from the counts. The Regional Council then directed the President to open talks with the national government.

More than 2,273,000 of more than 2,328,000 voters said yes, as reported by Regione del Veneto, which publishes rounded counts; the 50 percent turnout quorum was met. The Region then asked the national government for talks under Article 116 of the Constitution.

Leave 17,410,742 and Remain 16,141,241, with 25,359 ballots rejected, as published by the Electoral Commission. The European Union Referendum Act 2015 set the question but did not require the government to act on the result. The United Kingdom left the European Union on January 31, 2020.

The House of Commons Library, citing the National Assembly for Wales, gives 517,132 Yes and 297,380 No of 814,512 votes, with turnout of 35.6%. Every local authority voted Yes except Monmouthshire. The Yes vote gave the Assembly full law-making powers in the 20 subject areas of Schedule 7 to the Government of Wales Act 2006.

Held under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement; secession cleared both legal thresholds (a majority of valid votes and 60% turnout), and South Sudan became independent on July 9, 2011.

21,355 yes and 6,663 no, as reported by Greenland Home Rule to the Danish government; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts. Self-government took effect on June 21, 2009.

The referendum law required 50 percent turnout and 55 percent of valid votes for Yes; both were met, and parliament declared independence on June 3, 2006.

Autonomous country 42,425 (67.8 percent), part of the Netherlands 14,769 (23.6 percent), independence 3,014 (4.8 percent) and remaining in the Antilles 2,324 (3.7 percent), with 63,024 votes cast, per the c2d database citing the Registro Sivil final result. The Registro Sivil gives 114,500 registered voters; turnout computed from the counts. Curaçao became a country within the Kingdom on October 10, 2010.

Direct ties with the Netherlands 3,182 (59.5 percent), autonomy within the Kingdom 1,290 (24.1 percent), remaining in the Antilles 853 (15.9 percent) and independence 27 (0.5 percent), with 5,458 votes cast of 9,557 registered, per the c2d database citing Amigoe; shares of the 5,352 valid votes computed from the counts. Bonaire became a special municipality of the Netherlands on October 10, 2010.

Country within the Kingdom 6,212 (70.0 percent), independence 1,282 (14.4 percent), restructured Netherlands Antilles 1,050 (11.8 percent) and present status 332 (3.7 percent), with 9,021 votes cast of 16,193 registered, per the c2d database citing The Daily Herald; shares of the 8,876 valid votes computed from the counts. Sint Maarten became a country within the Kingdom on October 10, 2010.

UN-run consultation: voters rejected autonomy within Indonesia, which under the May 5, 1999 agreement meant separation. The UN put turnout at some 98 percent. Militia violence followed the result.

The House of Commons Library gives 559,419 Yes and 552,698 No of 1,112,117 valid votes, with 3,999 spoiled ballots; turnout of 50.1% is valid votes over the electorate. The National Assembly for Wales was set up under the Government of Wales Act 1998. Ballot wording is from the Referendums (Scotland and Wales) Act 1997, Schedule 2.

1,775,045 for a Scottish Parliament and 614,400 against, as given by the House of Commons Library. A second question, on tax-varying powers, passed with 63.5 percent. The Scottish Parliament first sat in 1999.

The results certified on November 19, 1993 were 5,193 yes, 2,415 no and 16 invalid of 7,624 votes cast, with 11,562 registered voters; shares of valid votes and turnout computed from the counts (Nohlen's handbook gives 5,081 to 2,347; the UN certified figures are used). This eighth plebiscite passed under the 1992 amendment that cut the required majority from 75 per cent to a simple majority; voters outside Palau voted on November 7. Palau became independent in free association with the United States on October 1, 1994.

Verified by a UN observer mission; figures are the referendum commission's provisional results as reported to the UN. Ethiopia's transitional government committed in advance to respect the result.

2,061,932 for and 6,037 against, as certified by the Republic Electoral Commission and quoted by the Constitutional Court; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts. Voting took place on February 29 and March 1, 1992.

The Central Election Commission of Azerbaijan reports 3,751,174 voters (95.27% of the voter lists) and gives 99.58% for and 0.2% against. Nohlen's Elections in Asia and the Pacific (2001), via the c2d database, gives 6,708 invalid, 3,744,466 valid, 3,735,398 yes and 9,068 no; shares of valid votes computed from those counts. The vote came eight days after the Soviet Union was formally dissolved on December 21, 1991.

Nohlen's Elections in Asia and the Pacific (2001), via the c2d database, gives 10,515,066 registered, 9,898,707 voting, 8,258 invalid, 9,718,155 yes and 172,294 no; shares and turnout computed from the counts. The vote confirmed the August 31, 1991 independence declaration and was held with the first presidential election. No sourced ballot wording was found in c2d, the U.S. Helsinki Commission report of January 31, 1992, lex.uz, or the Uzbek Academy of Sciences history site.

28,804,071 yes, 2,417,554 no and 670,117 invalid ballots, from the official results sheet in the Central State Archive of Ukraine; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts. The ballot asked voters to confirm the Act of Declaration of Independence of August 24, 1991.

Nohlen's Elections in Asia and the Pacific (2001), via the c2d database, gives 1,864,142 registered, 1,815,418 valid, 1,707,725 yes and 107,693 no, with turnout of 97.38%; ballots cast and invalid votes are not given, so turnout is from valid votes over registered, computed from the counts. The Supreme Soviet declared independence the next day, October 27, 1991. A second question on President Niyazov's policies was asked the same day.

2,042,627 yes, 10,002 no and 4,129 invalid of 2,056,758 ballots, from Nohlen's Elections in Asia and the Pacific as compiled by the Centre for Research on Direct Democracy; shares and turnout computed from the counts. The official count, printed on September 24, 1991, is not online. The Supreme Council declared independence on September 23, 1991.

1,079,308 for and 39,639 against, with 13,648 invalid, in the report of the Republic Commission for Conducting the Referendum; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts. The ballot asked about a sovereign and independent Macedonia with the right to join a future union of sovereign Yugoslav states.

Shares of valid votes computed from the official counts; Croatia declared independence on June 25, 1991.

3,295,493 yes, 16,917 no and 18,690 void ballots, as declared by the Central Election Commission on April 5, 1991; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts. The ballot asked whether Georgia's independence should be restored on the basis of the Independence Act of May 26, 1918.

Held as a poll of all permanent residents; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts.

737,964 yes, 203,199 no and 6,967 invalid of 948,130 ballots, in the Election Committee protocol confirmed by the Supreme Council on March 11, 1991; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts.

Held as a general poll of residents; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts.

Shares of valid votes computed from the official counts; Slovenia declared independence on June 25, 1991.

The Chief Electoral Officer's certified counting forms, reproduced by the UN Visiting Mission, gave 6,215 yes and 4,509 no (10,724 votes on part one), plus 34 blank, for 10,758 ballots counted; shares of valid votes computed from the counts (the US administering report printed 6,251 yes, which does not match the certified total). Turnout is null because neither the UN report, the US report T/1863 nor the Centre for Research on Direct Democracy (which gives only a rounded 18,000 electorate) states the number of registered voters. On the advisory part two, 474 ballots chose independence.

The FSM Plebiscite Commission certified 20,121 yes, 5,348 no and 137 rejected ballots, with 25,606 votes cast of 40,538 registered voters; shares of valid votes and turnout computed from the counts. Kosrae, Truk and Yap voted yes while Ponape voted no (4,437 to 4,248). On the advisory part two, 13,924 chose independence and 5,184 another relationship with the United States.

12,615 voted to leave and 11,180 to stay, with 470 invalid, as compiled by the Centre for Research on Direct Democracy; shares and turnout computed from the counts. The ballot asked whether Greenland should remain in the EC, so For is the No vote. Greenland left on February 1, 1985.

Folketingstidende gives the preliminary count by the Governor of Greenland as 12,756 for the Home Rule Act and 4,703 against; the sudd.ch database gives the same counts with 743 blank or invalid, 18,202 ballots cast and 28,889 registered, and shares and turnout are computed from those counts. The vote was advisory under Act No. 578 of November 29, 1978, and home rule took effect May 1, 1979. No ballot wording was found in Folketingstidende bill L 133 (1978-79), Statistisk Årbog 1980 or sudd.ch, so question is null.

Yes 80,864, No 199, valid 81,063, invalid 784, cast 81,847, registered 105,962; shares and turnout computed from the counts. The vote was held under Law No. 76-1221 of December 28, 1976, and Djibouti became independent on June 27, 1977.

Independence 21,418 and remaining in the Netherlands Antilles 1,085, with 3,669 invalid ballots and 26,172 cast of 37,346 registered, per the c2d database; shares computed from the counts. Aruba left the Netherlands Antilles as a separate country of the Kingdom on January 1, 1986, and later dropped the plan for full independence. No official ballot wording or binding status was found in c2d or its cited sources.

Yes 154,184, No 8,853, valid 163,037, invalid 130, cast 163,167, registered 174,918; shares and turnout computed from the counts. Mayotte voted No, 8,783 to 5,110 (63.2 percent No, turnout 77.9 percent), while the other three islands voted over 99.9 percent Yes. France counted the result island by island under Law No. 75-560, the Comoros declared independence on July 6, 1975, and Mayotte stayed French.

65,714 yes and 54,919 no of 120,633 valid votes, with 9,016 invalid or blank, 129,649 ballots cast and 162,743 registered; voting ran May 2 to 4, 1964. No Maltese government or Electoral Commission record of the count was found online, so the figures are from the Centre for Research on Direct Democracy database (sudd.ch, id mt011964), which cites Edith Dobie, Malta's Road to Independence (1967). Malta became independent under this constitution on September 21, 1964.

Yes 5,975,581, No 16,534, valid 5,992,115, invalid 25,565, cast 6,017,680, registered 6,549,736; shares of valid votes and turnout computed from the counts. The result was published in the Journal officiel of July 6, 1962, as cited by the c2d database, and France recognized Algerian independence on July 3, 1962.

The UN Plebiscite Commissioner's official count on the independence question was 29,882 yes, 5,108 no and 2,907 informal of 37,897 ballots, which he gave as 86.1 per cent of an estimated 44,000 eligible voters; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts. On the first question, the Constitution, the count was 31,426 yes, 4,909 no and 1,562 informal (86.5% yes of valid votes). The General Assembly endorsed the result in resolution 1626 (XVI), and Western Samoa became independent on January 1, 1962.

Cameroun 233,571, Nigeria 97,741, valid 331,312, registered 349,652, polling day February 11, 1961, per the UN Commissioner's report (T/1556), which states 94.75 percent of registered persons voted; shares computed from the counts. Both options ended UK trusteeship, and the territory joined Cameroon on October 1, 1961. The scanned report's OCR garbles the Cameroun total, which is confirmed by the valid total and by the c2d database.

Union 93,095, separation 67,492, valid 160,587, rejected 1,092, cast 161,679, registered 194,230, per the UN Plebiscite Commissioner's report (A/3173, pp. 183 to 184 and the ward table); shares and turnout computed from the counts. The southern section voted 55.5 percent for separation, and the territory joined Ghana at independence on March 6, 1957. The c2d database and Nohlen print inconsistent totals (registered 272,663, union 142,214), so the UN report figures are used.

423,421 No and 201,982 Yes of 625,403 valid votes, with 15,742 invalid, 641,145 cast and 663,811 entitled; For is the No vote, since rejecting the statute led to the Saar joining West Germany on January 1, 1957. Shares and turnout computed from the counts (sudd.ch prints 96.70% turnout). No official Saar statistics office record was found online, so the figures are from the sudd.ch database.

71,122 yes and 377 no on ending the 1918 Union Act with Denmark, from Statistics Iceland; voting ran May 20 to 23, 1944. A second question, on the constitution of the republic, passed with 98.5 percent. The ballot text is as printed in Alþýðublaðið on May 18, 1944.

Foreign Relations of the United States gives 477,119 for union with Germany, 46,613 for the status quo and 2,124 for union with France, with 905 invalid and 1,292 blank, 528,705 votes cast and 539,541 eligible; shares of the 525,856 valid votes and turnout are computed from those counts, and France took 0.4%. For is union with Germany, the winning option; the status quo meant staying under the League. The sudd.ch database gives 477,089 for Germany; the League of Nations document itself was not found online, and the Saar joined Germany on March 1, 1935.

75,431 for Denmark and 25,329 for Germany of 100,760 valid votes, with 640 not counted, 101,400 cast and 112,515 entitled (Zone I, counted as a whole); shares and turnout computed from the counts. No League of Nations or plebiscite commission record was found online, so the figures are from the sudd.ch database, which cites the official results publication and Sarah Wambaugh. The zone was transferred to Denmark in June 1920.

Statistics Iceland gives 12,411 yes and 999 no, with 243 blank and void ballots, 13,653 votes cast and 31,143 voters on the roll; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts. The Act of Union made Iceland a sovereign state sharing a king with Denmark from December 1, 1918. No ballot wording was found in Statistics Iceland table KOS04101, the 1918 Althing papers (Althingistidindi, Sambandslagathing 1918, thingskjol) or the sudd.ch entry, so question is null; binding status is from the Centre for Research on Direct Democracy database (sudd.ch, id is011918).

368,208 yes and 184 no, from Statistics Norway; shares of valid votes computed from the official counts. Voters were asked whether they agreed with the dissolution of the union with Sweden, which had already taken place.